Agricultural Sciences Memo 1 (English)

May-June 2026 — Grade 12 / Matric — Agricultural Sciences

Memo 2026 Grade 12 English Agricultural Sciences Hub →

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🎯 150 marks 📄 11 pages 📝 70 items found 📚 3 topics

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Q1— Section header —

1.1.10(10 x 2\ (20\

1.2.5A only None Both A and B (5 x 2\ (10\

1.3.5Chyme Metabolic diseases Preparatory Buffer/pH regulator

1.4.5Gross energy/GE Crutching Placenta Seminiferous tubules Freemartin (5 x 1\ (5\ TOTAL SECTION A:

Q2— Section header —

2.1The alimentary canals of two farm animals

2.1.1Farm animal represented in DIAGRAM B Fowl/chicken/poultry (1\

2.1.2Justification of the answer Presence of a crop Presence of proventriculus Presence of ventriculus/gizzard Description of protein digestion from part C/abomasum to part D/small intestine Protein is converted by enzyme pepsin into peptides in part

2.1.5Comparing the oesophagus and the crop in terms of functions Part A/oesophagus Transports food from the mouth to the stomach and vice versa Part E/crop Stores/moistens/softens food (1\ (1\

2.2Feed component

2.2.1Identification of the component of feed Vitamins (1\

2.2.2category of vitamins Water /fat soluble vitamins Indication of the letter of the component (a\ Preventing nervous symptoms in animals C/D (b\

2.3Digestibility of feeds

2.3.1Explanation of what would have influenced the digestibility of maize stalk The high fibre content in maize stalk was poorly digested (only 5kg\ was absorbed due to the underdevelopment of the rumen and insufficient rum

2.4Types of feeds

2.4.1Classification of feeds (a\ PICTURE A Roughage (b\ PICTURE F Roughage Identification of feeds (a\

2.4.3Explanation for feeding roughage to 8 week old calves Roughages stimulate the development of the fore stomach which romotes proper digestion of feed high in crude fibre and overall well being of rumen

2.5Pearson square method

2.5.1Name of the method Pearson square Identification of the ratio Maize meal Peanut oilcake meal 27 Deduction of the amount of digestible protein for the mixture (1\

2.6Formulation of ration

2.6.1Description of fodder flow programme A management strategy by farmers to ensure that livestock have sufficient feed throughout the year Type of the ration Maintenance ration Calculation of the t otal monthly DM needed

Q3— Section header —

3.1Production systems and farming systems Identification of a farm (a\ FARM D (b\ FARM B (c\ FARM A (d\

3.2Animal production

3.2.1Identification of the factors to increase animal production (a\ PICTURE A Breeding/reproduction (b\ PICTURE B Nutrition/feeding (1\ (1\

3.2.2Description of how nutrition can increase broiler production Proper nutrition gives farm animals vigour to grow/develop/strong immunity to fight off infections leading to more profitable and sustainable agriculture

3.3Effects of incorrect handling of farm animals

3.3.1TWO basic guidelines to be considered before loading animals Familiarise animals with loading area Group animals before loading them so that they establish social groups Ensure that t he truck/loadi ng

3.5.1Purpose of a broiler housing facility To create a suitable environment for maximum growth and production ONE basic requirement of the housing facility House is oriented lengthwise in a north south direction and short

3.5.3TWO equipment to reduce heat stress in summer Air con ditioner/evaporative cooling pads Fans (Any 2\ (2\

3.6Health and mortality rates in farm animals

3.6.1ONE general sign of ill health in pigs Loss of appetite Isolation from the group Listlessness Swollen navel, udder or joints Rapid, irregular breathing Shivering Coughing

3.6.2Combined b ar graph Criteria/rubric/marking guidelines Correct heading (with both variables\ axis: Correctly calibrated with label (Farm animal\ axis: Correctly calibrated with label Annual mortality rates

3.7Transmission and prevention of animal diseases

3.7.1Mode of transmission (a\ Anthrax Inhalation/direct contact/ingestion (b\ Rift Valley Fever Vectors (1\ (1\

3.7.2TWO ways to prevent further spread of diseases once detected Vaccination Isolation/quarantine Controlling vectors Proper disposal of carcasses and bedding material Notifying the relevant authorities Disinfection/sanitation

3.8Parasites

3.8.1Collective term of the organisms Parasites Identification of the parasites (a\ Needs a snail to complete its life cycle PICTURE (b\ A vector PICTURE C

3.9Salt poisoning

3.9.1ONE measure to treat salt poisoning Internal p rovision of fresh water in small quantities through stomach tube Treat animals with a hypertonic dextrose or isotonic saline solution (Any 1\ (1\

3.9.2ONE role of the state in animal protection Public awareness campaigns Provision of vaccines Provision of veterinary services Provision of quarantine services Conducts research on animal diseases/pests

Q4— Section header —

4.1Female reproductive system

4.1.1The process represented by A Ovulation (1\

4.1.2Justify the answer The egg cell is released from the Graafian follicle /ovary (1\

4.1.3Description of the process in B/fertilisation Process when a haploid male gamete/sperm cell and a haploid female gamete/ovum fuse Fusion of male and female gametes Type of cell division by which the zygote divides multiple times

4.1.5ONE function of the uterus Provides a suitable environment for development of the foetus Helps with the transportation of sperm cells Helps with the expulsion of the calf Provides uterine milk as nutrition to the developing embryo

4.2arrangement of the mating stages in sequential order (1\ (1\

4.3Hormone concentration during the reproductive cycle in cows

4.3.1Identification of the progesterone concentration on day 12 30 mg/ml Hormones responsible (a\ Oestrogen/ progesterone (b\ Luteinising hormone/LH

4.3.3Description of the change in the progesterone concentration Progesterone concentration increase/will become higher (1\ 10

4.3.4Identification of the oestrus cycle stage oestrus (1\

4.3.5The impact of progesterone during di oestrus Progesterone suppresses the secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH\ of oestrus Maintains the endometrium (Any 1\ (2\

4.4Morphological abnormalities in sperm cells

4.4.1The morphological abnormalities in sperm cells B/C (1\

4.4.2Identification of the number of the part responsible for (a\ Mobility (1\ (1\

4.4.3Structure releasing the enzyme responsible for sperm penetration Acrosome (1\

4.4.4The process whereby sperm cells are formed Spermatogenesis (1\

4.5Reproductive techniques in farm animals

4.5.1Identification of the reproductive technique Embryo transfe r/transplant/ET (1\

4.5.2Importance of the recipient cow Implantation of the embryos/acts as a surrogate

4.5.3Definition of cloning Process of generating genetically identical copy of cell/organism (2\

4.5.4Identification of the sheep Nucleus donor sheep Justification of the answer Genetical material is from somatic cells of the nucleus donor sheep

4.6Pregnancy

4.6.1Deduction the cow's stage of pregnancy oetal stage (1\

4.6.2Description of embryonic stage of pregnancy It is the stage after the ovum stage during which organs, tissues and systems develop (2\ 11

4.6.3TWO calf related possible causes of birth difficulty Abnormal large size foetus/hydropsy Multiple births/twins Incorrect/posterior presentation of the foetus/deviation of the head/flexion of th e elbow

4.7Lactation

4.7.1The period of lactation during which milk production declines After week 8 to week 9 Explanation of the relationship Milk production declines while butterfat content increases/ vice versa (2\ [35] TOTAL SECTION B:35

Topics Identified

Plant ProductionAnimal ProductionAgricultural Management

Mark Allocation

Total150 marks

Sections35 + 35 + 35 = 105 marks

Paper information

SubjectAgricultural Sciences

Year2026

SessionMay-June

TypeMemo

PaperPaper 1

LanguageEnglish

Pages11

Downloads5

Examination context

Decade2020s

Years ago0y

Season—

Start day—

Exam period—

Days since exam—

About Agricultural Sciences examination preparation

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Archived on24 September 2026

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